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| Tahmurath / Tahmuras Image credit: Wikipedia Artist: Lee Lawrie (1877–1963). Photographer: Carol Highsmith, 2007 Sculpted bronze figure on Door East entrance, Library of Congress John Adams Building, Washington, D.C. |
Hushang had a son Vivandjhan /Wiwandjhan (from the Old Iranian/Avestan Vivahvant/Vivanghant and Middle Persian/Pahlavi Vivanghan). Tahmuras was the grandson or great grandson of Hushang. Tahmurath's brothers are his successors: Yim=Djam (Jamsheed), Spitur (Spityura) and Nars. The Shahnameh alone makes the order of reigns the same as the order of generations. Vivahvant (cf. Sanskrit Vivasvant) is stated as the father of Yima Khshaeta (Jamshed) in Yasht 13.130.
[Additional reference: Zamyad Yasht 19.28-29]
Tahmuras was said to have had a son(s) though we are unclear what happened to them. Ibn al-Fakih mentions a son called Faris (eponym of the Persians); the work Nuzhat al-Kulub has Lashkar, and according to Herbelot's (Islamic?) sources, the son's name was Kahraman. Some Iranians claim that the Iranian city of Shiraz was built by Tahmuras and is named after his son. We therefore have four names for the son or sons of Tahmuras.
In the Avesta, Tahmuras/Tahmurath has the epithet azinavant (zaenahvant) which according to Bartholomae has the sense 'watchful' or 'wide awake'. In the Shahnameh, he is called Div-Band, the one who binds the divs or demons (of Ahriman, see below).
Meaning
Tahmuras = A strong body
Etymology
Avestan: Taxma Urupa / Takhma Urupa
Takhma = brave, strong, courageous, strength, force (cf. Rustam from Rus-tahm)
Urupa/urupi = Darmesteter (Avesta ii, p.583) sturdy shape. Sanskrit rupa? Body, form
[cf. Takhmaspada: One who has an army of heroes]
Old Persian: Tahmurat, Tahmurath
Middle Persian (Bundhahishn): Takhmorup / Takhmorab
New Persian transliteration in Arabic characters: Ṭahmūraṯ, Tahmurath (intermediate stage of evolution from Persian to Arabic p>f>th>s)
Later forms: Takhmuraf, Takhmuras, Teimuraz, Tahumers, Tahmuras, Taimuraz.
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